The scandal raised awareness of the increase in pollutant emissions from all diesel vehicles from a large number of car manufacturers, which exceeded legal emission limits in real driving conditions. A study conducted by ICCT and ADAC showed the largest deviations of Volvo, Renault, Jeep, Hyundai, Citroen and Fiat,[38][39][40] leading to investigations into other diesel emissions scandals. A discussion was launched on the issue that software-controlled machines are generally vulnerable to fraud, and one solution would be to open the software to public scrutiny. [41] [42] [43] The Volkswagen scandal has raised public awareness of the high pollutant emissions of diesel vehicles built by various automakers, including Volvo, Renault, Mercedes, Jeep, Hyundai, Citroen, BMW, Mazda, Fiat, Ford and Peugeot. [39] [40] Independent tests by ADAC have shown that diesel vehicles such as the Volvo S60, Renault Espace Energy and Jeep Renegade exceed legal European nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission limits by more than 10 times under normal driving conditions. [40] The researchers criticized the inadequacy of current regulations and called for the use of a UN-approved test called Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures, which better reflects real-world driving conditions, as well as on-road emissions testing via PEMS. Both types of new tests went into effect in 2017, with critics saying automakers had lobbied to delay their implementation because of the high cost of complying with stricter environmental controls. [39] The CAA`s 2.0-litre partial settlement requires Volkswagen to invest $2 billion in ZEV charging infrastructure and ZEV promotion. The ZEV investments required by the CAA`s 2.0-litre partial regulation are intended to account for the fact that consumers purchased these illegal vehicles by mistakenly assuming that these vehicles are less polluting than others.

Electrify America, LLC was founded by Volkswagen Group of America to implement this requirement. Emissions were well above the legal limits set by European and American standards. One of the testers said, „. At the same time as the third partial settlement, the United States Department of Justice concluded criminal proceedings against Volkswagen AG on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice and the introduction of goods by perjury; and U.S. Customs and Border Protection have settled civil fraud cases involving Volkswagen in connection with the illegal importation of affected vehicles. Details of these resolutions are not included on this page. (Washington, D.C.) – Through a series of three partial settlements, EPA settled civil enforcement proceedings against Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, Dr. Ing.

h.c. F. Porsche AG, Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., Volkswagen Group of America Chattanooga Operations, LLC and Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (together „Volkswagen”). 25. In October 2016, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California approved the first partial settlement with some of these Volkswagen companies involving vehicles equipped with 2.0-liter diesel engines (the „2.0-liter partial settlement”).